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Apricot in our long history of cultivation , germplasm resources are very rich. Chinese apricot varieties: large fruit apricot , 7-610 , buses bucket, water beak , Venus, Chuanzhihong other Chinese apricot varieties mature early, good quality , much consumers favor , but China apricot cultivars flower abortion rate , most varieties since flowers are not real , flowering vulnerable to frost hazards caused by pollen insemination seriously affected by poor production year , " nine years do not accept " as a constraint to the development of industrial apricot is a major obstacle. In recent years , China has imported from the United States , Italy and other countries, apricot , Feng Wang , Golden Sun , agate , gold and other varieties of flowering drunk easily , early solid strong , flowering young fruit frost resistant harm , yield, energy from flower strong, flower abortion rate, high yield and strong , not only open field cultivation , is the preferred varieties cultivated in greenhouses .
First, the high standard of build gardens
1 , garden selection
Apricot is not waterlogging drought resistance, barren , hi light species, flowering vulnerable to frost damage. Therefore , to be elected at the leeward Sunningdale, higher ground , well-drained , deep soil plots to build gardens , while establishing protection forest system . In ition , stone fruits ( such as peach , plum, apricot ) "re- plant disease " problem is more prominent , the new apricot is best to avoid the original stone slash .
2 , seedling selection
Quality is the key to ensuring the survival rate of seedlings and high yield . Seedling quality standards are : height 80 cm or more; marry the interface more than 10 cm in diameter more than 1 cm , there are six or more full bud 50-60 cm plastic band ; root nodule completeness , the backbone of more than four root , fibrous root more; marry the interface healed well , no large stock of mechanical damage.
3 , carefully planting
Practice has proved that Qiuzai 5% -10 % higher than Chunzai survival rate , root injury then get some recovery , even grow some new roots. Requirements for deep trenching , shallow Zaimiao , according to planting density dug wide and 1 meter deep planting hole or trench , laying in the bottom of the 20 cm thick straw , seeding grass or leaves , mixed with the right amount in topsoil organic fertilizer and P and K , mix filled pit bottom . Planting depth of water poured over the roots after planting appropriate junction with the ground was flat , after planting enough irrigation water , then cover soil moisture conservation .
In order to improve fruit set , even self -pollinated varieties should be planted with many varieties of mixed farm or tree pollination , when planting, cultivars and varieties can 2:1 matching Oh miles proportion with plants .
Apricot close planting can plan ways to improve pre- production , and there are plans to encrypt thinning or transplanting plants , solve crown density , thus ensuring the post- yield, fruit quality will not decline . Close planting spacing of 1-2.5 m × 3-4 m , sparse of 3-4 m × 5 m protected cultivation may further increase the density , spacing using 0.8-1.2 m × 1.5 m.
In ition , in order to achieve a built park , part of the available bags ready seedlings planted with Daizai between the lines , to be found when dead plants , seedlings dug to prepare , cut the broken bags Planting monthly .
Second, to strengthen the fertilizer and water management
1 , fertilization
1.1 saplings ( 1--2 years ) fertilization: the first year of planting adopt the principle of thin manure handling facilities , in order to rapidly expand the crown , and a certain buds. The first thin fertilizer applied at the bud 2-3 cm after planting , after dressing once every 15-20 days until the beginning of July to stop , and control of water , in order to facilitate a flower . The second year in late February , in mid- April , late June each dressing once in available nitrogen-based fertilizer , urea 50-100 grams per line . In late September Month - early October Fertilizers , strains of pig and chicken manure composting facilities 25 kg , 500 g superphosphate .
1.2 Yield tree (planting 3rd onwards) fertilization: In the south, apricot early results, early yield, close planting garden 3rd year to enter the high yield. This period focuses on applied three times fat apricot. Secondary to germinate before the 1st (mid-February) was applied Chunfeibao (germination fertilizer) to available nitrogen-based, and all annual potash was applied, it can be combined with thin fertilizer applied. The fertilizer is mainly to promote flowering and fruit setting and fruit enlargement, fertilizer accounts for about 20% of the annual amount of fertilizer. Usually 20 kg urea per acre, potassium sulfate 30 kg, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer. The second application of fertilizer in summer, in late June after fruit picking administration, at a time when the second root growth peak, to impose quick fat, replenish nutrients consumed as a result of increased nutrient accumulation, in order to facilitate differentiation, as Vertical annual yield basis. Fertilizer this period about 30% of annual amount of fertilizer, urea 30 kg per mu in general, superphosphate 20 kg, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer. 3rd autumn Base Fertilizers, in late September --10 points earlier this month in conjunction spread soil improvement, press green administration. Basal to decomposition of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer complexes, fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the annual quantity fertilizer, can be applied per acre decomposed manure 3500 kg, 50 kg of superphosphate.
2 , timely fertilizer
Pest control can be carried out in combination , flowering spraying of 0.2% -0.3 % and 0.2% borax mixture of urea , can often be Yemianpenfei growth according to the growth needs .
3 , Shupan with Straw
Shupan grass covering can be carried out throughout the year , but the early summer or late fall is best. Cover material can weed , straw , wheat straw , etc., holding 30-50 kg per plant , the thickness of 15-20 cm is appropriate , after a small amount of soil covering pressure , 3--4 years after the fall plowing into the soil , soil tillage 2 years then coverage. Coverage can Xushuibaoshang , prevent soil erosion, improve soil physical and chemical properties , and enhance soil fertility .
4 , timely watering
Good spring season , before and after the rainy season , late summer and autumn period of drainage and irrigation work , in case of spring drought in the spring before bud , young fruit each pouring thin fertilizer 1 times.
5 , extending hole soil improvement
Point spread through the soil , can soil fertility, soil loose guide to the deep roots development , increasing soil nutrient absorption, is an important measure to obtain high-quality and high yield . Expanding hole should be the second year of autumn , with autumn Base carried out gradually turned from planting furrow or expand the planting hole , and ultimay achieve the effect of deep plowing the entire park .
Third, reasonable pruning
Hi light apricot fruit , a tree common natural round shape , trunk sparse layer shape , spindle -shaped, etc. , and naturally happy . Close planting garden can be "V" shape , which tree is characterized by good ventilation and light , the results of early , plastic and easy , high and stable yield . Its shaping method : press 1 × 3planting, planting trunk left 40 cm Duanjie year , until spring when new shoots about 30 cm , elected to remain stretched between the lines, vigorous growth, with the trunk into a 30-50o angle , and symmetrical growth of two main branches sticks , let it grow. Topping trigger when the main branch branch about 50 cm, and select a flourishing branch for extended branches. Alternatively stay 3-4 as auxiliary support branch shoots , the remaining shoots all erased, when in early May auxiliary support branch 20 cm topping , and then in late June auxiliary support branch will pull into a horizontal shape , to promote flower bud differentiation. Dongjian the first year , the main branch of the vertical two bamboo poles fixed, so that the angle between the two main branch into 100-120o on the main branch extended apex of branches Duanjie , trigger collateral .
Tree pruning should be focused on improving the interior light is considered , a reasonable allocation of nutrition and balanced vigor , regulating the relationship between growth and results .
Pruning should have a density between apricot Wang , slow release Inclined , slightly cutting back branches to increase the amount of principle . In short fruit and bouquet of apricot -like fruit branches mainly , pruning should focus on training . Apricot branch was the life of 3--5 years , so pay attention to timely retraction updated Preventing the relocation site .
Fourth, floral Management
1 , controlling crown and flower
Vigorous growth during the apricot saplings should be reasonable regulation vegetative and reproductive growth , promote differentiation , so that early early fruit yield, after entering the high yield of the crown should be controlled to expand and extend the high yield . So, in the first two years to promote the planting of flowers, commonly used methods : In late June , mid-July, 15% of the spray 200-300 times of MET 1, and in June , July drainage ditch , so that an appropriate field of soil conservation arid , are conducive to flower buds. After entering the high yield of the crown in order to control the growth and fruit should be combined , in late April , early May, spray 2 times 300 times 200 times 15% MET or PBO.
2 , protecting flowers and fruits
Commonly used methods are: planted with trees and flowering pollination Fangfeng ; artificial pollination , the effect is very good, especially in winter warm years , abortion spend more , but should be artificial pollination in order to improve fruit set , ensure fertility ; flowering spray , spray water at flowering , so moist stigma can significantly improve fruit can be ed to water to 0.1% of borax and 0.1 % urea ; application of plant growth regulators and fruit , flowering spray 20ppm gibberellinic Su , can improve fruit set rate year . By the end of April spray 300 times 15% MET controllable flourishing , reduce fruit drop. GA 50ppm spray in mid-October , the second year to improve fruit set.
3 , thinning
A high proportion of apricot imperfect flower , generally do not flower thinning , thinning taken to control production. Thinning after falling in the first two weeks that is stably performed physiological drop (in this case the young fruit diameter between 1.0-1.5 cm ) . Thinning when pest first thinning fruit, deformed fruit and small fruit , removal of too dense fruit , so leaving the fruit evenly distributed in the tree, the tree soars to stay , fewer trees remain weak . Rests in each leave 5-8 cm shoot a density of fruit per acre production at about 2000 kg .
4, to prevent cracking
When the apricot cultivation in the south , more rain because the fruit maturity , can easily cause cracking . To prevent cracking , the choice is not easy cracking varieties should also take other appropriate measures, such as spring increasing potassium fruit maturity spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate , or 0.2% , to strengthen the drainage in the growing season work , as well as fruit bagging .
Fifth, pest control
Apricot main diseases are black spot , scab , anthracnose, apricot boil , ring rot , perforation, a major pest bee almonds , peach fruit moth , aphids, Didesmococcus , spider mites and DICHOCROCIS like. Should be based on the circumstances and activity patterns of various pests and diseases , improve the scientific management in culture robust vigor , enhanced on the basis of ability to resist diseases and pests , integrated control measures taken manual control , biological control and chemical control combination , control and reduce pest damage .
The main measures are: clean up the field of the eye off the leaves, fruit drop , combined with pruning , remove dead branches and worms branches , scraping old bark trunks painted white , destroy overwintering pests and pathogens ; before the flower buds sprout , the whole garden spray wave United States 3-5 degrees lime sulfur spray when leaf 1 : 1.5 : 200 Bordeaux mixture ; flowers before spraying decis 2000 times , anti- scarab and almonds bees; early flowering began with 70 % thiophanate 800 times carbendazim 600 times solution or 50% or 50% zineb 500 times and other agents are rotated anti- black spot , anthracnose , later, as the weather and the incidence of re- spraying once every 15 days , until the fruit is ripe previous months ; at the same time should always check the trunk , control beetles, small insects and Holcocerus Gidding , etc. during apricot fruit grown timely spraying of deltamethrin, peach Healer and acaricidal drugs like pesticides, to prevent peach borer, apricot caterpillars, aphids, spider mite
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